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Kaleva - also known as Kalevi or Kalev - is an ancient Finnish ruler, known from the Finnish epic Kalevala. Kaleva and his sons are important heroic figures in Estonian, Finnish and Karelian mythology. ==History== Some historians have suggested that the oldest known written reference to Kaleva (Kalev / Kalevi) can be found from the 6th or 7th century Anglo-Saxon poem Widsith, which became copied in the Exeter Book, a manuscript of Old English poetry compiled in the late 10th century. Widsith states: ''"Caesar ruled the Greeks, Caelic the Finns ... I was with the Greeks and Finns and also with Caesar ..."'' Some historians have interpreted the term "Caelic" in Widsith to refer to the ancient Finnish ruler ''Kaleva'', discussed in the Finnish epic Kalevala. The first clear written mentioning of Kaleva appears in 1641 in the Leyen Spiegel by Heinrich Stahl. 〔Lauri Honko, ''Religion, Myth, and Folklore in the World's Epics: The Kalevala and Its Predecessors'', Published by Walter de Gruyter, 1990, ISBN 3-11-012253-7〕 The name of Estonia's national epic Kalevipoeg means "son of Kalevi" (or "son of Kalev") and the name of Finnish national epic Kalevala means "Land of Kaleva". Some have suggested that Kalevala might be the Estonian mainland. 〔Matti Kuusi and Pertti Anttonen. "Kalevala Lipas" (Finnish Literary Society, 1985).〕 Some historians believe Kalevala refers to the ancient Finnish nation called Kvenland. According to the 18th century Finnish folklore-collector Kristfrid Ganander, Kaleva had 12 sons in total, which included e.g. such renowned heroes as Väinämöinen, Ilmarinen and Hiisi. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kalevi (mythology)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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